After a Woman's Teenage Son Engages in Deviant Behavior,she Says

Multiple Choice

After a woman's teenage son engages in deviant behavior,she says the reason for her son's behavior is that "he fell in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation MOST closely resemble?

A) differential association
B) labeling theory
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) structural strain theory