Vanguard, One of the World's Largest Investment Management Companies, Has

Multiple Choice

Vanguard, one of the world's largest investment management companies, has attained cost leadership via

A) ferreting out cost-saving opportunities in every part of the value chain.
B) undertaking an operations functionality redesign.
C) establishing sales productivity and operating practices guidelines.
D) re-creating rivals' assembly plant structuration savings.
E) pursuing a differentiation strategy that can be easily copied.