A Student Nurse Is Assisting in the Care of a Client

Multiple Choice

A student nurse is assisting in the care of a client with bipolar disorder. The student nurse researches the disorder further, focusing on the pathophysiology and etiology of the disorder. Which are true regarding the pathophysiology and etiology of bipolar disorder? Select all that apply.

A) No definitive cause or specific pathophysiology has been identified for bipolar spectrum disorders.
B) Bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders share biological susceptibility and inheritance patterns.
C) Immunologic abnormalities may contribute to the pathophysiology of mania and bipolar disorder.
D) Children of parents with bipolar disorder have an increased risk of developing the disorder.
E) Stressful life events and an emotionally overinvolved, hostile, and critical communication pattern are factors associated with heritability of the disorder.