Which of the Following Has NOT Been Proposed as a Cause

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a cause of the relationship between conduct problems and alcohol and drug use?

A) Children with conduct problems and alcohol and drug use tend to be more attuned to negative than to positive reinforcement, causing them to seek negative reinforcement from substances and from engaging in deviant behavior.
B) A common set of genes predisposes individuals to both conduct problems and substance use disorders.
C) Disruptive children are typically first introduced to alcohol and drugs by older, deviant peers.
D) Sensitivity toward rewards may predispose youths to both conduct problems and substance use.