A Patient,age 3,has Vesicoureteral Reflux

Multiple Choice

A patient,age 3,has vesicoureteral reflux."Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother.The nurse's best response is

A) "When he urinates, the urine makes a fluid trail to the bladder, and if he does not clean himself well, bacteria will enter and make a bladder infection."
B) "When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder."
C) "When he urinates, urine leaks into his bowel and bacteria from the bowel leak into the bladder, where they grow and make a bladder infection."
D) "When he urinates, urine stays in his bladder and the normal bacteria that live in the bladder have a chance to grow and cause a bladder infection."