In Their Study on the Impact of Gender and Race/ethnicity

Multiple Choice

In their study on the impact of gender and race/ethnicity in the pretrial release process, Demuth and Steffensmeier hypothesize that:

A) Female defendants will receive more favorable pretrial treatment than male defendants, net of controls for legal, extralegal, and contextual factors.That is, female defendants will be more likely to receive pretrial decisions that encourage pretrial release (e.g., nonfinancial release options, lower bail amounts) than male defendants.
B) Black and especially Hispanic defendants will receive less favorable treatment than white defendants, net of controls for legal, extralegal, and contextual factors. That is, black and Hispanic defendants will be more likely to receive pretrial decisions that discourage pretrial release (e.g., financial release options, higher bail amounts) than white defendants. As a result, black and Hispanic defendants will be less likely to gain pretrial release than white defendants.
C) The gender effect on pretrial decision making will persist, and do so in a generally uniform way, across the racial-ethnic comparison groups.
D) All of the above