Paul Ekman's Cross-Cultural Research on Emotion and Facial Expressions Has

Multiple Choice

Paul Ekman's cross-cultural research on emotion and facial expressions has been criticized on the grounds that ____.

A) it has examined only four different emotions; and there may well be cross-cultural differences in terms of other emotions (that Ekman has not studied) .
B) it has examined only nine cultures; and there may well be significant differences in how emotion is experienced and expressed in other cultures.
C) it is based on posed photographs; these poses may not correspond well with actual experiences and expressions of emotion.
D) it is based on individualistic cultures only, and there is reason to believe that people in collectivistic cultures would experience and express emotion differently.