Suppose That Some People Have Just Been Randomly Assigned to Two

Multiple Choice

Suppose that some people have just been randomly assigned to two different teams. Research suggests that these people would be likely to exhibit discriminatory behavior (favoring the ingroup, and disfavoring the outgroup) ____.

A) immediately, as soon as the groups had been defined
B) as soon as their ingroup became an important part of their personal identity
C) only after the two teams had engaged in direct competition
D) only after they had bonded with their ingroup by enduring a shared hardship