National Rodeo Association, a not-for-profit organization, is considering purchasing a new enterprise software system for $90,000. This investment is projected to have an eight-year useful life, and a salvage value of $8,800; the investment is projected to save the organization approximately $18,000 each year in operating costs. In addition to the cost of the software system, the association needs an increase of $5,000 in net working capital (other than cash) in the first year, which will not be released (that is, converted back to cash) until the end of eight years.

Required:
1. What is the payback period for this proposed investment? (Assume that the cash flows, other than salvage value, occur evenly throughout the year. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 2.452 years = 2.45 years.)
2. If the Association has a required rate of return of 10 percent, what is the net present value (NPV) of the proposed investment? Round your calculation to whole dollars (i.e., zero decimal points). (The PV annuity factor for 10%, 8 years is 5.335, while the PV $1 factor for 10%, 8 years is 0.467.)
3. What is the estimated internal rate of return (IRR) on this project (to the nearest whole percent)? (Note: The following present value factors are taken from the present value tables in Appendix C of Chapter 12, for an 8-year period.)

\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline & @ 10 \% & @ 11 \% & @ 12 \% & @ 13 \% \\\hline \text { PV \$1 discount factor } & 0.467 & 0.434 & 0.404 & 0.376 \\\hline \text { PV annuity factor } & 5.335 & 5.146 & 4.968 & 4.799 \\\hline\end{array}

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