Question 1

Which of the following is a criticism of the theoretical approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The approach can only be as good as the theory.
B)  It is theoretically based.
C)  It depends on the lexical hypothesis.
D)  It has restricted investigations to adjectives. A

Question 2

Traits that are orthogonal _____ with each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  are not correlated
B)  have a strong positive correlation
C)  have a negative correlation
D)  are causally linked A

Question 3

The approach that uses natural language to identify important traits is the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical
B)  theoretical
C)  statistical
D)  act frequency A

Question 4

A problem with factor analysis is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it leads to an unmanageable number of traits.
B)  you can only identify traits that you include in your analysis.
C)  factor loadings are like correlations.
D)  it reduces the number of traits being studied.

Question 5

Researchers have found empirical evidence for the five-factor model in all of these ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  similar factor structures for men and women.
B)  different factor analytic techniques.
C)  extensively in English-speaking samples.
D)  in five robust biological structures.

Question 6

The "traits as causes" perspective on personality characteristics is useful in all of the following areas EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  ruling out alternative explanations for behavior.
B)  explaining why a person's behavior seems inconsistent with a trait at times.
C)  viewing traits as internal structures.
D)  counting how often a behavior is performed.

Question 7

A robin is a more _____ example of bird than is a penguin.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototypical
B)  aerodynamic
C)  orthodontic
D)  elemental

Question 8

Which of the following researchers was born in Germany and wanted to study physics before studying psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cattell
B)  Wiggins
C)  Eysenck
D)  Leary

Question 9

From the "traits as descriptive summaries" point of view, which of the following would be the most convincing evidence that a person has a given trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person behaves in ways consistent with that trait.
B)  The person says that they have the trait.
C)  The person's behavior is caused by situations.
D)  The person's traits are caused by biology and heredity.

Question 10

A worrier would likely score high on the trait of

Accepted Answer

A)  extraversion.
B)  neuroticism.
C)  psychoticism.
D)  quarrelsomeness.

Question 11

Factor loadings indicate the _____ between an item and a factor.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation
B)  deviation
C)  analysis
D)  kurtosis

Question 12

A person who tends to happy and experience positive affect in life would have this combination of five factor traits:

Accepted Answer

A)  high conscientious and high agreeableness.
B)  high extraversion and high agreeableness.
C)  high extraversion and low neuroticism.
D)  high intellect and low neuroticism.

Question 13

The five-factor model of personality consists of these five traits:

Accepted Answer

A)  surgency, sensation seeking, conscientious, psychoticism, and openness-intellect.
B)  extraversion, surgency, agreeableness, intellect, and dominance.
C)  psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness-intellect.
D)  surgency, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness-intellect.

Question 14

Where did Allport and Odbert locate 17,953 trait terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Act nominations
B)  Self reports
C)  Dictionary
D)  Peer ratings

Question 15

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four categories into which Allport and Odbert divided the 17,953 trait terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stable traits
B)  Instable traits
C)  Temporary states
D)  Social evaluations

Question 16

Juanita is observed as being somewhat aloof and distant.She tends to lead a predictable and well-organized life.Juanita is demonstrating behaviors related to Eysenck's dimension of

Accepted Answer

A)  introversion.
B)  conscientiousness.
C)  agency.
D)  psychoticism.

Question 17

The five-factor model has been criticized because

Accepted Answer

A)  it lacks a research tradition.
B)  it may not include some important traits.
C)  it lacks circumplex structure.
D)  most factors do not replicate across cultures.

Question 18

Ellen works into the night studying for chemistry and biology examinations to reach her goal of entering medical school.She studies so hard that she often appears bored and uninterested in class.Which of the following trait formulations best explains Ellen's personality characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits as internal causes.
B)  Traits as purely descriptive summary.
C)  Traits as biological structure.
D)  Traits as genetic predisposition.

Question 19

If a trait is sufficiently important that it appears in the lexicon of most human languages, then that trait demonstrates the concept of _____ universality.

Accepted Answer

A)  act
B)  cross-cultural
C)  trait
D)  synonym

Question 20

_____ used by the act frequency approach to figure out which acts are most central to a trait category.

Accepted Answer

A)  Act nominations are
B)  Assessing synonym frequency is
C)  Recording of act performance is
D)  Prototypicality judgments are

Exam 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies