Which of the Following Is NOT a Factor That Influences

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the efficiency and effectiveness of encoding and decoding?

A) Whether both parties have a similar "codebook."
B) The extent to which both parties have similar mental models.
C) The parties' familiarity with the message topiC.
D) The sender and receiver's motivation and ability to use the selected communication channel.
E) The gender of the sender or receiver.