Which of the Following Have Been Offered as Justification for IPO

Multiple Choice

Which of the following have been offered as justification for IPO underpricing?
I.Young firms tend to be very risky.
II.The best IPOs are oversubscribed.
III.Underwriters like to avoid lawsuits.
IV.It benefits the existing shareholders.

A) I and III only
B) II and IV only
C) I, II, and III only
D) II, III, and IV only
E) I, II, III, and IV