Which of the Following Was Established by the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was established by the Noerr-Pennington doctrine?

A) Concerted efforts to lobby government officials, regardless of the anticompetitive purposes of the lobbying effort are exempt from the provisions of the Sherman Act.
B) When a state acts in its sovereign capacity, it is immune from federal antitrust scrutiny.
C) Price fixing is illegal whether the parties to it have control of the market or not and whether or not they are trying to raise or lower the market price.
D) Resale price maintenance is legal only if there is no coercion or pressure other than the announced policy and its implementation.
E) Conduct directed at price stabilization is per se anticompetitive.