Mini-Case Ira Roth and Penny Weiss Met and Married in the the Early

Multiple Choice

Mini-Case
Ira Roth and Penny Weiss met and married in the early 1990s, during their days at State University. Both came from families with limited financial resources. They had to work at part-time jobs during school, and still needed student loans to help pay for their college education. Ira and Penny shared a strong work ethic and had a great desire to succeed financially and enjoy the good life.
Penny and Ira quickly experienced financial success in the latter half of the booming 1990s. Ira used his marketing major and extensive knowledge of computers to obtain a high-paying job in a successful dot-com business. Penny, who cleaned homes to earn money during college, used her experience to start her own business. Her entrepreneurial spirit surprised Ira and their friends, and she built a successful cleaning business with a growing base of residential clients and even a few commercial customers. She soon had to hire several part-time employees to keep up with demand. With money rolling in, Ira and Penny began to live the good life, buying an expensive new car, a state-of-the-art home entertainment center, and expensive wardrobes. As busy as they were, and as hard as they both worked, they often found it easier to dine at a nice restaurant rather than fix meals at home.
When the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s, Ira was lucky enough to keep his job, but was forced to take a significant pay cut. The economic downturn forced some of the households and businesses that used Penny's company to cut back on professional cleanings, so her business suffered too. Soon the couple was struggling to pay the rent on their upscale apartment. They began relying on credit cards to cover expenses, but after a few months the credit limits on their cards had been reached. They fell behind in paying off their student loans and started getting some unpleasant calls from bill collectors. The stress and frustration led to arguments that began to threaten their personal relationship. With their personal finances out of control, Ira and Penny knew that they had to make changes to save not only their financial dreams, but also their marriage. However, they were at a loss as to where to start. Family members encouraged them to seek the advice of a financial planner. The couple reluctantly agreed that this was something they needed to do.
-As their situation began to improve, the financial adviser began discussing investment strategies with Penny and Ira. He suggested that they might want to invest in the stock market. He surprised them by saying that they should try to buy stocks during a major downturn in the market-just when most people were trying to sell. This statement suggests that the financial adviser agreed with the:

A) contrarian approach to investing.
B) concept of "buying short."
C) use of leverage in the stock market.
D) random walk theory of investment strategy.