Sometimes a Researcher Subtly Communicates His/her Expectations to the Subjects

Multiple Choice

Sometimes a researcher subtly communicates his/her expectations to the subjects, who, in turn, make the prediction occur.This subtle communication by the researcher of his/her expectations is known as the _____, while the subjects behaving in ways that make the prediction occur is known as _____.

A) researcher bias; self-fulfilling prophecy
B) observer bias; observer effect
C) placebo effect; researcher bias
D) self-fulfilling prophecy; observer bias