Based on Some Ideas Expressed in Her Psychology Class, Frieda

Essay

Based on some ideas expressed in her psychology class, Frieda decided to test a hypothesis about the possible relationship between political views and the number of traffic tickets received. She used a survey of 189 statistics students to prepare the cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis shown below. Discuss Frieda's results using concepts you learned in this chapter. Note any potential problems or concerns in the analysis, and suggest possible improvements.
$$\begin{array}{l}\text { Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence }\\\begin{array} { l c | r | r | r | r } { } & { \text { Poltical Orientation } } \\\text { Traffic Tickets Last Year } && \text { Liberal } & \text { Middle-of-Road } & \text { Conservative } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { None } & \text { Observed } & 36 & 57 & 35 & 128 \\& \text { Expected } & 29.80 & 61.63 & 36.57 & 128.00 \\\hline \text { One } & \text { Observed } & 7 & 26 & 14 & 47 \\& \text { Expected } & 10.94 & 22.63 & 13.43 & 47.00 \\\hline 2 \text { or more } & \text { Observed } & 1 & 8 & 5 & 14 \\& \text { Expected } & 3.26 & 6.74 & 4.00 & 14.00 \\\hline \text { Total } & \text { Observed } & 44 & 91 & 54 & 189 \\& \text { Expected } & 44.00 & 91.00 & 54.00 & 189.00 \\\end{array}\end{array}$$
$5.70$ chi-square
4 df
$.2224 \mathrm{p}$ -value