Email and Instant Messaging Have Had What Effect on the Corporate

Multiple Choice

Email and instant messaging have had what effect on the corporate grapevine?

A) These communication media have made it more difficult for the grapevine to operate without the assistance of management.
B) These communication media have dramatically changed the topics of interest communicated through the corporate grapevine.
C) These communication media have increased the efficiency of grapevine communication around the company's global operations,not just around the next cubicle.
D) These communication media have done all of these.
E) These communication media have had no effect on the corporate grapevine.