Researchers Ask a Chess Expert and an Average Player to Examine

Multiple Choice

Researchers ask a chess expert and an average player to examine chess pieces on a board and memorize the position quickly. Under what circumstances, if any, does the chess expert perform significantly better than the average player?

A) Under all circumstances.
B) Only if the pieces are arranged in a way that occurs in well-played games.
C) Only if the pieces are arranged in an unusual or haphazard way.
D) Under no circumstances.