Several Years Ago, Researchers Examined the Effect of Listening to Music

Multiple Choice

Several years ago, researchers examined the effect of listening to music from Mozart on psychological test performance. It appeared that those people who had listened to Mozart performed better on tasks of spatial reasoning than did those people who listened to a relaxation tape or had experienced silence. Later research revealed some problems with these findings. Specifically,

A) the results were not consistently replicable.
B) no control group had been used.
C) the original study was a double-blind study.
D) the independent variable was not operationally defined.