Question 1

A viroid is a naked, infectious _____ molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)   protein
B)   DNA
C)   RNA
D)   fatty acid
E)   enzyme C

Question 2

The _____ of a virus is enclosed by a _____ capsid.

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleic acid; protein
B)   membrane; protein
C)   nucleic acid; membrane
D)   protein; nucleic acid
E)   RNA; DNA A

Question 3

Archaea

Accepted Answer

A)   have plasma membranes but lack cell walls.
B)   have plasma membranes and most have cell walls.
C)   lack plasma membranes but most have cell walls.
D)   have neither plasma membranes nor cell walls.
E)   have double plasma membranes and no cell walls. B

Question 4

Which species are representatives of the green algae?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diatoms, Volvox, and Spirogyra
B)   Coralline algae, Volvox, and Spirogyra
C)   Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Spirogyra
D)   Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Coralline
E)   Diatoms, Chlamydomonas, and Volvox,

Question 5

Which statement about bacteria is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   All bacteria are pathogenic to humans.
B)   Bacteria are prokaryotes.
C)   Most bacteria are chemoheterotrophs.
D)   Bacterial cells reproduce by binary fission.
E)   A bacterial cell has one chromosome.

Question 6

You take a large sample of soil and put it all into individual pots. You then divide the pots into two groups: In the first group, every pot of soil has been sterilized, and thus contains no bacteria. In the other group, none of the pots of soil has been sterilized. You plant soybean seeds in all the pots. What would you expect to see as the seeds sprout and grow?

Accepted Answer

A)   The plants growing in the sterile soil are bigger because they have not been exposed to any bacteria.
B)   The plants growing in the non-sterile soil are bigger because have mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
C)   The plants growing in the sterile soil are bigger because they do not have to compete with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in order to obtain usable nitrogen.
D)   The plants growing in the non-sterile soil are bigger because saprotrophic bacteria produce nutrients for them.
E)   There is no difference in size between the plants growing in the sterile soil and those in the non-sterile soil.

Question 7

Why don't new biological macromolecules form abiotically from nonliving matter on the Earth today?

Accepted Answer

A)   The special environmental conditions that are required do not exist.
B)   There are not enough of the various elements needed.
C)   There is not enough available energy.
D)   There is no need for biological macromolecules.
E)   Biological macromolecules do arise abiotically, but are quickly consumed by organisms.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a similarity that protozoans have to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protozoans are chemoheterotrophs.
B)   Most protozoans have some form of locomotion.
C)   Protozoans are eukaryotes.
D)   Protozoans were once classified as animals.
E)   Protozoans are able to photosynthesize.

Question 9

Which of the following groups has at least some members with cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A)   protists only
B)   bacteria only
C)   archaea only
D)   prokaryotes only
E)   protists, bacteria, and archaea

Question 10

Which archaea use a pigment related to the rhodopsin in our eyes to absorb solar energy and pump chloride ions?

Accepted Answer

A)   methanogens
B)   halophiles
C)   thermoacidophiles
D)   alkaliphiles
E)   psychrophiles

Question 11

Bacteria that secrete digestive enzymes into their surroundings in order to decompose nonliving organic matter are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chemoautotrophs
B)   symbiotes
C)   saprotrophs
D)   parasites
E)   photoautotrophs

Question 12

In which type of environment would you be most likely to find methanogenic archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)   hot, acidic
B)   high salt concentration
C)   anaerobic
D)   aerobic
E)   dry

Question 13

Which group of organisms are viroids, instead of viruses, most likely to parasitize?

Accepted Answer

A)   plants
B)   bacteria
C)   fish
D)   fungi
E)   cattle

Question 14

Which of these does not belong in any Domain of life?

Accepted Answer

A)   protozoans
B)   algae
C)   viruses
D)   archaea
E)   bacteria

Question 15

What is the main structural difference between a virus and a viroid?

Accepted Answer

A)   viroids do not have a capsid covering
B)   viruses do not have a capsid covering
C)   viroids contain DNA while viruses do not
D)   Viruses contain RNA while viroids do not
E)   there is no structural difference between the two

Question 16

Which of these is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Paramecium-ciliate
B)   Chlamydomonas-green alga
C)   Plasmodium-sporozoan
D)   Giardia-zooflagellate
E)   Salmonella-amoeba

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Paramecium?

Accepted Answer

A)   macronucleus produce mRNA and directs metabolic functions
B)   motile with cilia
C)   micronucleus functions in reproduction
D)   engulfs prey with pseudopods
E)   chemoheterotrophic

Question 18

As a result of drinking contaminated water, a patient contracts amoebic dysentery. Would an antibiotic drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis be beneficial in treating the amoeba infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes, because it would weaken the cell walls of the amoebas and cause them to die.
B)   No, because amoeba are not bacteria and do not have peptidoglycan.
C)   Yes, because antibiotics are always beneficial in treating infectious diseases.
D)   No, because the cell walls of the amoeba that causes dysentery contains calcium carbonate, not peptidoglycan.
E)   Yes, because the amoeba would not be able to reproduce.

Question 19

Animal viruses which have an envelope enter cells by

Accepted Answer

A)   injecting their nucleic acid into the cell's cytoplasm.
B)   fusing with the plasma membrane.
C)   endocytosis.
D)   plasmolysis.
E)   either fusing with the plasma membrane or endocytosis.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding bacterial endospores is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Endospores can survive in extremely harsh environments.
B)   Within an endospore is a copy of the bacterial chromosome.
C)   An endospore contains a small amount of cytoplasm material.
D)   Endospores can survive for very long periods of time.
E)   Endospores are reproductive structures.

Exam 17: The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists