All of the Following Are Characteristics of TQM Except

Multiple Choice

All of the following are characteristics of TQM except:

A) Quality is operationalized by meeting or exceeding customer expectations
B) The quality strategy is formulated by the front-line employees and is diffused throughout the organization
C) Everyone from top executives to hourly employees operates under a TQM strategy of delivering quality products/services to internal and external customers
D) TQM techniques range from traditional inspection and statistical quality control to cutting-edge human resource management techniques