A Researcher Examined Participants' Memory Following Emotionally Shocking Events by Manipulating

Multiple Choice

A researcher examined participants' memory following emotionally shocking events by manipulating whether participants viewed a violent or a nonviolent version of a video.The video in the two conditions was identical except for two seconds in which the violence variable was manipulated.That the video was identical except for the manipulation represents the control technique of

A) balancing the individual differences across the groups of the experiment.
B) confounding the independent variable.
C) a time-order relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
D) holding conditions constant in the experiment.