David Wants to Punish a Subordinate He Personally Dislikes

Multiple Choice

David wants to punish a subordinate he personally dislikes.However,the subordinate fulfils all his job duties and produces excellent work.Both David and the subordinate are governed by very comprehensive policies and rules negotiated by a union.Which contingency does David lack which prevents him from to punishing his subordinate?

A) Counterproductive power
B) Non-substitutability
C) Centrality
D) Discretion
E) Visibility