Which of the Following Relates to Miller's Focal Concern of Toughness

Multiple Choice

Which of the following relates to Miller's Focal Concern of toughness?

A) It involves the ability to achieve a goal by the use of wits rather than physical force
B) Lower-class people have a particularly fatalistic outlook on life
C) Adults usually want their children to stay out of trouble, but lower-class adolescents sometimes gain prestige with their friends
D) It arises from the fact that many lower-class boys are raised in female-headed households and thus lack adequate male role models