You Examine a Child Who Has a History of Unilateral

Multiple Choice

You examine a child who has a history of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. He has a fistula just behind the alveolar ridge in the area of the incisive foramen. It appears to be about 7 mm in diameter, but you are not sure if it goes all the way through. You evaluate the child’s speech. Answer the following three questions related to this case:
-If the child demonstrates nasal emission on /p/ and /t/, but not on /k/, what is the probable cause?

A) VPI only
B) The fistula only
C) VPI and the fistula
D) Misarticulation causing nasal emission