Question 1

The majority of Ottoman slaves were Christians because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Christians were generally out of favor in Ottoman society. 
B)  Christians in Ottoman society were from a lower socioeconomic class. 
C)  Jews were "People of the Book" and thus could hold positions of power or be held as slaves. 
D)  Muslims were the only people who could work in business or governmental posts. 
E)  Muslims were not permitted to enslave other Muslims.

Question 2

Genoese colonies in the Mediterranean differed from Venetian and Catalan colonies because Genoese colonies:

Accepted Answer

A)  were directed by the city's rulers. 
B)  were mainly in the eastern Mediterranean. 
C)  relied on galleys,not cogs. 
D)  focused on the production of bulk goods such as grain and hides for export. 
E)  were self-ruled with very little interference from Genoa.

Question 3

For Europeans,the most important consequence of the Mongol conquests was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the commercial links it established between Europe and the Far East along the Silk Road. 
B)  that the Mongol defeats of the Abbasid caliphate removed a major threat to European control of the eastern Mediterranean. 
C)  that the Mongol conquest of Russia brought eastern Europe into closer contact with western Europe. 
D)  that by destroying Persia,the Mongols extended the life of the Byzantine empire. 
E)  the extensive cultural exchange that became possible between the Chinese and Europeans.

Question 4

Until the end of the sixteenth century,the Ottoman empire was on an almost constant war footing.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The empire could be sustained only through raiding and conquest. 
B)  Ottoman wars to expand their empire kept powerful nobles on the frontiers,away from the capital where they might have threatened the sultan. 
C)  Christians launched a series of Crusades to recapture Constantinople,forcing the Ottomans to defend themselves. 
D)  The Mongols posed a persistent and very real threat on the Ottomans' eastern frontier. 
E)  all of these

Question 5

To what extent can the Ottoman empire be described as a religious melting pot? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To what extent can the Ottoman empire...

Question 6

The industry that most fundamentally shaped the sixteenth-century Spanish colonies in Central and South America was:

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar production. 
B)  cattle ranching. 
C)  grain production. 
D)  jewelry production. 
E)  mining.

Question 7

Soon after capturing the Muslim holy cities of Medina,Mecca,and Jerusalem,the Ottoman rulers adopted the title of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sultan. 
B)  pasha. 
C)  caliph. 
D)  prophet. 
E)  hijrah.

Question 8

Although he did manage to discover a world unknown to Europeans,Christopher Columbus did so in spite of:

Accepted Answer

A)  being greatly underfinanced. 
B)  his gross miscalculation of the earth's size. 
C)  his sailor's fears of falling off the edge of the earth. 
D)  his lack of a magnetic compass. 
E)  all of these

Question 9

The European explorations beginning in the fifteenth century resulted in:

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher standard of living for most Europeans. 
B)  an increase in slavery in the world. 
C)  the greatest religious revival in Europe since the Crusades. 
D)  the spread of democratic forms of government. 
E)  all of these

Question 10

When Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492,he carried with him two books that would shape his views of the places he encountered.The factual account was

Accepted Answer

A)  Jehen de Mandeville's Book of Marvels. 
B)  Prince Henry the Navigator's Rutters of the North Atlantic. 
C)  Vasco da Gama's Encounters with the Muslims. 
D)  Marco Polo's Travels. 
E)  Bartolomé de las Casas's A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies.

Question 11

When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453,the primary effect of their conquest on western Europe was:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological. 
B)  military. 
C)  economic. 
D)  political. 
E)  geographical: it spurred European attempts to find a direct route around Africa to India and the Far East.

Question 12

The Mongol "horde" got its name from the Turkish word for "horn," no doubt due to the use of the battle horn in Mongol warfare.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color)until:

Accepted Answer

A)  Europeans needed slave labor to develop the Atlantic colonies of Madeira,the Canaries,and the Azores. 
B)  Lisbon became a significant market for enslaved Africans in the middle of the fifteenth century. 
C)  Columbus returned with indigenous people from the New World in 1492. 
D)  Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec empire of Mexico between 1519 and 1521. 
E)  Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan empire of South America in 1533.

Question 14

The first European colonies established outside of Europe geographically were in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Indian Ocean. 
B)  Pacific Ocean. 
C)  Caribbean Sea. 
D)  Atlantic Ocean. 
E)  Arctic Ocean.

Question 15

Beginning in the 1440s,design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

Accepted Answer

A)  sail out of sight of land for extended periods. 
B)  use square sails,promoting faster travel into the wind. 
C)  employ larger crews on smaller ships. 
D)  utilize oars in addition to sails. 
E)  sail with two masts and faster,triangular sails.

Exam 11: Commerce,conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600