Question 1

Protestantism began as a dissent against the Church and had many radical manifestations,but it eventually became "domesticated" due to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the fact that all radical movements eventually lose their radicalism and moderate.
B)   the changing character of its leadership when the initial leaders died.
C)   a dependence of Protestant leaders on local political leaders.
D)   the teachings of John Knox,the Scottish Calvinist leader.
E)   the co-option of the movement by the Catholic Counter-Reformation. C

Question 2

Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith" meant that:

Accepted Answer

A)   humans are saved by their faith in God's grace,not by the good works they do.
B)   humans are saved by the good works they do.
C)   faith in God can be justified by reason.
D)   everyone who participates faithfully in the services of the Church will be saved.
E)   faith can be justified only by the good works an individual does during his or her life. A

Question 3

After 1534,Anabaptists were greatly feared by secular authorities in Europe because they:

Accepted Answer

A)   were associated with extremist groups that threatened the social order.
B)   converted to Catholicism and joined in the persecution of Protestants.
C)   adopted the pacifism of Menno Simons.
D)   emphasized personal faith over good works.
E)   were closely allied with the orthodox Byzantines. A

Question 4

Calvin's theology emphasized first and foremost:

Accepted Answer

A)   the absolute obedience owed to the Consistory.
B)   membership in the Calvinist church.
C)   the importance of proper conduct in the world.
D)   the paradox that some are predestined to heaven and others to hell.
E)   the sovereignty and omnipotence of God.

Question 5

How was the question of national religion in England resolved?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What was the role of predestination in Calvinism?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

The German Peasants' Revolt of 1525:

Accepted Answer

A)   was initially supported by Martin Luther,until it became too violent.
B)   was supported by Martin Luther thoroughly until its successful conclusion in November 1525.
C)   did not have any impact on the religious evolution of Germany,because it was not motivated by religious issues.
D)   was ruthlessly suppressed by the emperor Charles V.
E)   cemented the alliance of Lutheranism with state power.

Question 8

What was the outcome of the confrontation with Tetzel,and what was the impact on Luther's ideals of reformation?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Prior to founding the Society of Jesus,Ignatius Loyola was:

Accepted Answer

A)   a Benedictine monk.
B)   a Franciscan abbot.
C)   the Spanish crown-prince.
D)   a mercenary soldier.
E)   the bishop of Granada.

Question 10

Martin Luther's family background was the German:

Accepted Answer

A)   peasantry; his father leased mines.
B)   middle class; his father was a lawyer.
C)   aristocracy; his father was a minor noble.
D)   clergy; his father was a priest.
E)   middle class; his father was a wool merchant.

Question 11

Martin Luther joined the _________ monastic order.

Accepted Answer

A)   Franciscan
B)   Dominican
C)   Augustinian
D)   Cistercian
E)   Benedictine

Question 12

Why would Clement VII not permit King Henry VIII of England to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn?

Accepted Answer

A)   because the Catholic Church does not permit divorce and remarriage under any circumstance whatsoever
B)   because the pope believed Henry's marriage to Catherine was valid
C)   because the pope wanted the Tudor dynasty to come to an end
D)   because Catherine's nephew,Emperor Charles V,controlled Rome at the time and disapproved of Henry's request for a divorce
E)   because the pope believed such a union would be sinful as Anne was Catherine's sister

Question 13

Under Calvin's guidance,Geneva's government can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a theocracy.
B)   a democracy.
C)   a dictatorship.
D)   a republic.
E)   an oligarchy.

Question 14

The term Protestant was first used after:

Accepted Answer

A)   Martin Luther protested against indulgences in 1517.
B)   Ulrich Zwingli attacked Catholicism in Zurich in 1522.
C)   Anabaptists protested the custom of infant baptism in 1525.
D)   Lutherans protested the action of the German Imperial Diet of 1529.
E)   the first published German Bible appeared in 1531.

Question 15

What were the major differences between Protestantism and humanism?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

In Switzerland,Protestant reforms were usually imposed by:

Accepted Answer

A)   popular vote.
B)   leading citizens.
C)   territorial princes.
D)   the lesser nobility.
E)   the peasants threatening rebellion.

Question 17

Which of the following religious changes generally associated with Protestantism did King Henry VIII enforce in England?

Accepted Answer

A)   closing monasteries and convents and confiscating their property
B)   holding church services in English and using an English Bible
C)   permitting priests to marry
D)   reducing the number of sacraments from seven to two
E)   the baptism of adults only: no infant baptisms whatsoever

Question 18

The Jesuits were not only missionaries but also soldiers who fought secular wars on behalf of the papacy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Luther's confrontation with Charles V at the Diet of Worms demonstrated:

Accepted Answer

A)   the Holy Roman Emperor's commitment to Lutheran reforms.
B)   Luther's ability to compromise for the sake of his reforms.
C)   the Holy Roman Emperor's attempt to preserve one of the major unifying institutions of his far-flung empire-the Church.
D)   the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire and the power of the princes within it.
E)   all of these

Question 20

The popes of the Counter-Reformation period were noted for their:

Accepted Answer

A)   ability to administer the Church ably.
B)   ineffectiveness against Protestantism.
C)   inability to find able administrators.
D)   self-indulgent lifestyles.
E)   austere withdrawal from worldly affairs.

Exam 13: The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600