Question 1

Which of the following African countries has experienced higher school enrollments and lower ?child mortality in the past few years?

Accepted Answer

A) Angola 
B) Congo 
C) Mozambique 
D)  None of the above C

Question 2

Gases that trap heat within the earth's atmosphere and can thus contribute to global warming are known as ______ gases.

Accepted Answer

A) polluting 
B) greenhouse 
C) noxious 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. B

Question 3

What is the relationship between land reform and rain forest preservation?

Accepted Answer

Settling agriculturally marginal rain forest lands is an easier political alternative to land reform in latifundia/minifundia ownership patterns, but one with a high social price. Without it, restrictions on land/forest use are likely to fail.

Question 4

Explain how the cost of rain forest preservation can be lowered for developing countries?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the cost of rain forest...

Question 5

The developing region in which per capita income, food production, and industry have declined ?over an extended period is

Accepted Answer

A) sub-Saharan Africa. 
B) East Asia. 
C) Lain America. 
D)  South Asia. 
E)  all of the above.f.none of the above.

Question 6

"We have a long way to go in development, but we have already come very far." Justify both halves of this statement with reference to any statistics you remember (you may approximate).

Accepted Answer

The answer of "We have a long way to go...

Question 7

The "price of rain forest preservation" can be lowered for LDCs by

Accepted Answer

A) development of alternative rain forest products. 
B) research on agriculture in rain forest soils. 
C) encouraging rain forest settlement of the poor. 
D)  subsidies for activities like cattle raising. 
E)  all of the above.f.none of the above.

Question 8

Maintaining the rain forest is very important because of

Accepted Answer

A) its absorptive capacity for CO₂ emissions. 
B) maintaining agricultural production of countries dependent on the rain forest, such as Brazil. 
C) ensuring a successful land reform policy. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following was/were among the causes of sub-Saharan Africa's decline in the 1980s?

Accepted Answer

A) Flooding 
B) Decline of Soviet influence 
C) Rapid growth in Japan 
D)  Inefficient state-owned enterprises 
E)  All of the above were among the causes
F)None of the above.

Question 10

By 2000, middle-income developing countries were responsible for about

Accepted Answer

A) one half of the emissions of greenhouse gases of those of developed countries. 
B) two thirds of the emissions of greenhouse gases of those of developed countries. 
C) about the same amount of emissions of greenhouse gases as those of developed countries. 
D)  more than the emissions of greenhouse gases of developed countries.

Question 11

The economic transition refers to

Accepted Answer

A) transition from a less to a more-developed country. 
B) transition from central planning to market economy. 
C) countries that have some developed and some less-developed characteristics. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 12

Consider the various dimensions of the poor performance of sub-Saharan Africa compared with other developing regions over the last two decades. Which of the following possible causes would you single out as primary causes and which as symptoms, or secondary, proximate causes? In each case, defend and substantiate your selection(s).
a.legacy of colonial period
b.war
c.commodity price declines
d. poor governance/corruption
e. low investment in human capital
f.poor macroeconomic policies
g.excessive state ownership of industry
h.poor business climate; harassment of entrepreneurs
i.neglect of agriculture
j.disincentives for exports
k.low incentives for foreign investment
l.debt crisis
m.low savings and investment in nonhuman capital
n.high population growth
o.environmental degradation and climate change
p.bad advice or conditionality of the IMF and World Bank
q.inequality of income or assets
r.underdeveloped institutions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the various dimensions of the poor...

Question 13

Which of the following was/were not among the causes of sub-Saharan Africa's decline in the 1980s?

Accepted Answer

A) Drought 
B) Commodity price declines 
C) Capital flight 
D)  Inefficient state owned enterprises 
E)  All of the above were among the causes.

Question 14

"The 1980s was a lost decade for the absolutely poor." Evaluate this famous statement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "The 1980s was a lost decade for...

Question 15

The first Earth Summit of 1992 was held in

Accepted Answer

A) Kyoto. 
B) Rio de Janeiro. 
C) Johannesburg. 
D)  Beijing.

Question 16

Which of the following is/are among the agreements of Agenda 21 of the Rio Summit?

Accepted Answer

A) Development assistance for poverty alleviation 
B) Research and extension for environmentally sound agriculture 
C) Expanded family planning resources 
D)  Establishment of biodiversity funds 
E)  All of the above 
F)None of the above

Question 17

State one of the agreements of Agenda 21 of the Rio Summit and describe its implications for development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State one of the agreements of Agenda...

Question 18

Evidence of global warming is controversial as is its connection to rain forest destruction. Therefore, what is the case for a policy that affects developing countries' decisions regarding environmental preservation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence of global warming is controversial as...

Question 19

A production facility whose operations are distributed across countries to take advantage of price differentials is known as

Accepted Answer

A) a multinational corporation. 
B) a free trade area. 
C) a global factory. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Exam 16: Some Critical Issues for the Twenty-First Century