After Establishing a Classically Conditioned Response to a Tone, the Experimenter

Multiple Choice

After establishing a classically conditioned response to a tone, the experimenter then set up a second trial using a new conditioned stimulus, a red light. He repeatedly paired the new conditioned stimulus (the red light) with the conditioned stimulus from the first trial (the tone) . This procedure resulted in the conditioned response being elicited by the red light alone, even though it had never been paired with the unconditioned stimulus. The experimenter has demonstrated:

A) extinction.
B) higher order conditioning (second-order conditioning) .
C) learned helplessness.
D) the partial reinforcement effect.