Researchers Found That People Easily Acquire a Conditioned Fear Response

Multiple Choice

Researchers found that people easily acquire a conditioned fear response to pictures of snakes and spiders when the slides were paired with a mild electric shock. However, people did NOT easily acquire a conditioned fear response of pictures of flowers and mushrooms when these images were paired with a mild electric shock. According to the text discussion, this is an example of:

A) biological preparedness.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) higher order conditioning.
D) learned helplessness.