Which of the Following Four Steps Are Used When Determining

Multiple Choice

Which of the following four steps are used when determining the validity of a scientific claim?

A) Formulate a hypothesis, design a study to collect data, analyze the data, and report the results.
B) Identify an operational definition, analyze the variables, evaluate the statistical significance, and ensure replication.
C) Identify the independent variable, measure the dependent variable, consider confounding variables, and determine cause-and-effect relationships.
D) Identify the claim, evaluate the evidence, consider alternative explanations, and consider the source of the research or claim.