Question 1

The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-based investigations 
B)  Primary reports of research 
C)  Estimation based on a provider's experience 
D)  Published meta-analyses C

Question 2

A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive result is strongly associated with the disease 
B)  Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease 
C)  Positive result is weakly associated with the disease 
D)  Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease A

Question 3

Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chief complaint 
B)  History of the present illness 
C)  Current vital signs 
D)  All of the above are essential history components C

Question 4

Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations,settings,and/or patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical practice guideline 
B)  Clinical decision rule 
C)  Clinical algorithm 
D)  Clinical recommendation

Question 5

If a diagnostic study has high specificity,this indicates a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result 
B)  High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result 
C)  High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result 
D)  Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result

Question 6

Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intuitive 
B)  Analytical 
C)  Experiential 
D)  Augenblick

Question 7

Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination,the examiner must be able to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings 
B)  Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms 
C)  Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions 
D)  Foresee unpredictable findings

Question 8

Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history,health-care providers must be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Methodical and systematic 
B)  Attentive to the patient's verbal and nonverbal language 
C)  Able to accurately interpret the patient's responses 
D)  Adept at reading into the patient's statements

Question 9

If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity,this indicates a:

Accepted Answer

A)  High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result 
B)  Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result 
C)  Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition 
D)  None of the above

Question 10

The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:

Accepted Answer

A)  Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article 
B)  Clinical practice guidelines 
C)  Evidence-based research 
D)  All of the above

Exam 1: Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview