Question 1

The nursing profession uses the term ________________when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client's health.

Accepted Answer

theory

Question 2

What belief forms the basis for the Orem Self-Care Model?

Accepted Answer

A) The nurse helps the client adapt to his or her illness. 
B) The primary goal of health care is cure of the client. 
C) Health care is the responsibility of each individual. 
D) Health-care goals must be established for each client. C

Question 3

In what way have advanced practice nurses most contributed to the development of theories and models in nursing?

Accepted Answer

A) Using their advanced education to develop new, more realistic theories 
B) Challenging theorists to publish their theories in language everyone can understand 
C) Requiring theorists to modify their theories to meet the needs of independent practice 
D) Testing theories in actual nursing practice situations
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. D

Question 4

Identify the four concepts that are common in most nursing theories.

Accepted Answer

A) Client, health, environment, nursing 
B) Care, adaptation, system, cure 
C) Nurse, physician, client, other providers 
D) Hospital, nursing home, clinic, physician's office

Question 5

Identify the two concepts upon which the framework for assessment is based in the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing.

Accepted Answer

A) Cognator and regulator 
B) Input and stimuli 
C) Output and behavioral responses 
D) Focal and contextual

Question 6

What aspect of Watson's Model of Human Caring distinguishes it from most other nursing models?

Accepted Answer

A) Understanding health as a dynamic state rather than a static goal 
B) Viewing nursing as a process to help clients achieve their greatest potential rather than as a curing profession 
C) Use of a philosophical approach rather than a systems theory approach 
D) Defining environment as both internal and external rather than just external

Question 7

Identify the major component for the maintenance of health used in the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing.

Accepted Answer

A) Systems 
B) Lack of illness 
C) Adaptation 
D) Use of medicine

Question 8

How can most living organisms be classified in general systems theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Open systems 
B) Closed systems 
C) Subsystems 
D) Macrosystems

Question 9

Select all the elements from the list below that are considered to be key to the King model of nursing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Action 
B)  Transaction 
C)  Rejection 
D)  Feedback 
E)  Teaching
F) Interaction

Question 10

Select a major contribution that King's model made to the practice of nursing.

Accepted Answer

A) Formalization of the use of goals to guide client care 
B) Introduction of the concept of care as a key element in nursing care 
C) Use of the idea of adaptation as an important client goal 
D) Integration of systems theory into nursing care

Question 11

Upon which principle is Neuman's Health-Care Systems Model based?

Accepted Answer

A) Use of systems theory only 
B) Behavior as the key to preventing illness 
C) Nurse-centered rather than client-centered 
D) Alteration of environmental stressors leads to health

Question 12

In the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing, the second-level assessment modes are most closely related to which part of the system?

Accepted Answer

A) Input 
B) Output 
C) Ventral system 
D) Feedback loop

Question 13

How is a "client" most accurately described in Johnson's Behavioral System Model?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual who is responsible for his or her own health care 
B) A behavioral system that is an integrated whole 
C) A dynamic entity with both input and output 
D) An individual who must adapt to illness

Question 14

"Stimuli" in the Roy Adaptation Model is synonymous with which element in systems theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Output 
B)  Feedback 
C)  Input 
D)  Coping

Question 15

Identify the primary goal of nursing in the Orem Self-Care Model.

Accepted Answer

A) Reestablish the absolute state of health the client had before his or her illness. 
B) Help the client conduct self-care activities to reach the highest level of functioning. 
C) Prevent further injury to the client's biosystems. 
D) Help balance technological care with humanistic aspects of care.

Question 16

What is a key function of the nurse in Neuman's Health-Care Systems Model?

Accepted Answer

A) Identify the level at which a disruption in the client's internal stability has taken place. 
B) Return the client to a state of adaptation. 
C) Set goals for the fulfillment of clients' needs. 
D) Assist the client to reach his or her greatest potential.

Question 17

What can be expected of a system that has a high degree of nonsummativity?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a low degree of interdependence of components. 
B) The system goes from the complex to the simple. 
C) Little exchange takes place between the system and the environment. 
D) There is a high degree of interdependence of components.

Question 18

Why is it important for nurses to understand and use a nursing theory or model in practice?

Accepted Answer

A) Nurses with this knowledge automatically provide higher quality care. 
B) Understanding models of theories demonstrates a nurse's knowledge level. 
C) Keeping within the practice limits provided by a model or theory protects nurses from legal action because of failure to follow the scope of nursing practice. 
D) Using models or theories of nursing aids practitioners in providing their care in an organized manner.

Question 19

Identify the most important aspect of caring according to Watson's Model of Human Caring.

Accepted Answer

A) Assisting the client to adapt to health changes 
B) Assessing the client's health-care needs 
C) Identifying self-care problems and needs 
D) Establishing a helping and trusting relationship

Question 20

How is health described in the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing?

Accepted Answer

A) A continuum 
B) A lack of illness 
C) A state or process of being and becoming an integrated, whole person 
D) A state of physical and mental well-being

Exam 4: Theories and Models of Nursing