What Is the Physiological Cause of Citrate Toxicity in Cytapheresis

Multiple Choice

What is the physiological cause of citrate toxicity in cytapheresis procedures?

A) The extracorporeal blood volume leaks citrate into the reinfusion site of the donor.
B) The anticoagulant in plasma contains citrate, which binds calcium, lowering the body's ionized calcium.
C) The anticoagulant in plasma contains citrate, which binds chloride, lowering the anion gap.
D) None of the above.