Patients' Perceptual Difficulties May Have an Adverse Effect on the Therapeutic

Multiple Choice

Patients' perceptual difficulties may have an adverse effect on the therapeutic alliance. Which of the following is likely to have the greatest negative effect?

A) The patient perceives the office seating arrangement as belittling.
B) The patient perceives the clinician as being part of her delusional system.
C) The patient perceives the sound in the hall as messages for the patient.
D) The patient perceives the clinician's glancing at his watch as nonvalidating.