Question 1

John B.Watson emphasized that:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning depends on how predictably rather than how frequently events are associated. 
B)  unlike lower animals,humans learn through a process of cognition. 
C)  both humans and lower animals learn to expect that a CS will be followed by a US. 
D)  learning should be explained without any reference to mental processes.

Question 2

Biological constraints are ________ biological tendencies that predispose animals' behavior and learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  classically conditioned 
B)  extrinsically motivated 
C)  prosocial 
D)  evolved

Question 3

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivating at the sight of a lemon 
B)  raising your hand to ask a question 
C)  jerking your hand off a very hot stove 
D)  walking into a restaurant to eat

Question 4

We are most likely to imitate the behavior of models if we observe that their actions are:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned responses. 
B)  extrinsically motivated. 
C)  followed by reinforcement. 
D)  violent or antisocial.

Question 5

Which of the following are most clearly activated both by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon?

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviors 
B)  taste aversions 
C)  cognitive maps 
D)  mirror neurons

Question 6

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  John B.Watson 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  Ivan Pavlov 
D)  B.F.Skinner

Question 7

A child learns to stop fighting with his brother after the fight leads to suspension of the child's video gaming privileges.In this case,the suspension of video gaming privileges is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 8

Alexis is addicted to drugs.The room in which she usually takes them is likely to become a(n)________ for drug cravings.

Accepted Answer

A)  UR 
B)  CR 
C)  US 
D)  CS

Question 9

In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World,infants develop a fear of roses after roses are presented with electric shock.In this fictional example,the presentation of the roses is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 10

After reading a first-person account of a fictional fellow student's experience of overcoming obstacles to vote,university students were subsequently more likely to vote in a presidential primary election.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive drift. 
B)  extrinsic motivation. 
C)  vicarious experience. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 11

Research on the role of cognitive processes in learning indicates that the strength of a conditioned response depends primarily on the ________ of the CS-US association.

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency 
B)  distinctiveness 
C)  duration 
D)  predictability

Question 12

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty,she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed.Her parents would be best advised to:

Accepted Answer

A)  simply ignore her complaining. 
B)  provide her with a very small drink of water. 
C)  close her bedroom door to indicate that they disapprove of her whining. 
D)  read her a short story so she forgets about wanting a drink.

Question 13

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between:

Accepted Answer

A)  two stimuli. 
B)  two responses. 
C)  two reinforcers. 
D)  behaviors and their consequences.

Question 14

An automatic response to some stimulus is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning. 
B)  respondent behavior. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant behavior.

Question 15

Cognitive learning involves the acquisition of:

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation. 
B)  taste aversions. 
C)  mental information. 
D)  instinctive drift.

Question 16

Mr.Byrne can't understand why scolding his seventh-grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly.Explain Mr.Byrne's predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles.Show how he could use operant conditioning techniques to (a)reduce disruptive behaviors and (b)increase cooperative behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr.Byrne can't understand why scolding his seventh-grade...

Question 17

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation.

Question 18

Before learning painfully that the sound of a buzzing bee signaled she was about to be stung,Sara felt no fear in response to the buzzing sound.At that time the sound of the buzzing bee was most clearly a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  neutral stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 19

After learning to fear a white rat,Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit.This best illustrates the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 20

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them.For the dogs,the sight of this person was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  unconditional stimulus. 
C)  operant stimulus. 
D)  conditioned stimulus.

Exam 7: Learning