Question 1

After the Council of Constance,the papacy entered into a series of agreements with national monarchies called concordats.The result of these concordats was:

Accepted Answer

A)  a centralization of religious authority in the papacy. 
B)  the increasing wealth of the papacy. 
C)  the monarchs' promise not to interfere with the election of bishops. 
D)  the granting of extensive authority to monarchs over the churches in their domain. 
E)  the promise that monarchs would have the right to tax church lands.

Question 2

What role did slavery play in the empires of the fifteenth century?

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal "Renaissance man"?

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color)until:

Accepted Answer

A)  Europeans needed slave labor to develop the Atlantic colonies of Madeira, the Canaries, and the Azores. 
B)  Lisbon became a significant market for enslaved Africans in the middle of the fifteenth century. 
C)  Columbus returned with indigenous people from the New World in 1492. 
D)  Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec empire of Mexico between 1519 and 1521. 
E)  Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan empire of South America in 1533.

Question 5

Erasmus wrote works of all the following types EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  humorous satires and dialogues. 
B)  Christian moral treatises. 
C)  letters to friends and contemporaries. 
D)  treatises of scholastic theology. 
E)  a Greek New Testament.

Question 6

What new techniques characterized Renaissance art?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Unlike most other Italian intellectuals of his age,Niccolò Machiavelli was:

Accepted Answer

A)  a great prose stylist in the vernacular. 
B)  an accomplished textual scholar. 
C)  a truly original thinker about politics. 
D)  a pagan, not a Christian. 
E)  well acquainted with Arabic literary styles.

Question 8

The printing press was a tool of European monarchs because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it enabled the establishment of printed money. 
B)  it enabled the widespread circulation of propaganda. 
C)  a king's license was necessary to own a printing press. 
D)  books were heavily taxed. 
E)  kings were able to choose which books would be printed and which would not.

Question 9

Beginning in the 1440s,design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

Accepted Answer

A)  use a larger rudder, allowing for more accurate navigation. 
B)  use square sails, promoting faster travel into the wind. 
C)  employ larger crews on smaller ships. 
D)  utilize oars in addition to sails. 
E)  sail with two masts and faster, triangular sails.

Question 10

How does the Reconquista and Spanish conquests in Central and South America reflect the Crusading ethos of the late Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Although only 1 out of 5 ships and 18 out of 265 sailors returned from Magellan's voyage,it proved that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the world was too large for a western sea route to Asia to be economically feasible. 
B)  a western sea route to Asia was economically feasible. 
C)  ships could easily be dragged across the Isthmus of Panama. 
D)  South America was easy to sail around. 
E)  Magellan, who survived the voyage, was an excellent navigator.

Question 12

Within a century of the Europeans' arrival in Central America,the native population there declined by as much as:

Accepted Answer

A)  20 percent. 
B)  40 percent. 
C)  50 percent. 
D)  70 percent. 
E)  90 percent.

Question 13

According to Machiavelli,the ideal form of government was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  republic modeled on the Roman example. 
B)  oligarchy modeled on Venice. 
C)  monarchy modeled on France. 
D)  principality, the model of which he sketched in The Prince. 
E)  republic modeled on Plato's Republic.

Question 14

One important difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance that followed was the northern:

Accepted Answer

A)  reluctance to compose classical Latin prose in the style of Cicero. 
B)  appreciation for scholasticism and its central texts. 
C)  rejection of the Church Fathers as religious authorities. 
D)  interest in traditional Christian wisdom over classical virtues. 
E)  rejection of classicism in their approach to art.

Question 15

Ferdinand and Isabella's decision to sponsor Columbus's voyage was spurred by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Columbus's impassioned plea for a patron made to the royal court. 
B)  a desire to counter successful Portuguese exploratory and commercial ventures. 
C)  a desire to counter successful English exploratory and commercial ventures. 
D)  a belief that Columbus could prove the world was round. 
E)  a belief that there was unknown territory to be discovered across the Atlantic.

Question 16

Michelangelo's David was created to celebrate Florentine civic ideals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Marsilio Ficino taught that human beings are capable of attaining their own salvation:

Accepted Answer

A)  by understanding the separation of their souls from their bodies. 
B)  through a complete rejection of this world and constant prayer and solitude. 
C)  by engaging fully in ethical civic action. 
D)  through participating in all the sacraments. 
E)  by exercising their own talents to the fullest degree possible.

Question 18

The infusion of silver into the European economy was ultimately disastrous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Machiavelli advocated for tyrants like Cesare Borgia to take control of Italy because:

Accepted Answer

A)  he believed dictatorships were the only legitimate form of government. 
B)  his patron was such a tyrant. 
C)  he believed most Italian people were too poorly educated to participate in government and so a true republic was impossible. 
D)  he believed that sixteenth-century Italy was so chaotic that it needed strong dictators to lead it into a more settled state favorable to self-governance. 
E)  the Roman Republican model that informed his political theory had been ruled by a series of dictators.

Question 20

Relatively few of the slaves who passed through the major Ottoman slave markets were Europeans.Most were African.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Innovation and Exploration,1453–1533

After the Council of Constance,the papacy entered into a series of agreements with national monarchies called concordats.The result of these concordats was:

What role did slavery play in the empires of the fifteenth century?

In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal "Renaissance man"?

In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color) until:

Erasmus wrote works of all the following types EXCEPT:

What new techniques characterized Renaissance art?

Unlike most other Italian intellectuals of his age,Niccolò Machiavelli was:

The printing press was a tool of European monarchs because:

Beginning in the 1440s,design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

How does the Reconquista and Spanish conquests in Central and South America reflect the Crusading ethos of the late Middle Ages?

Although only 1 out of 5 ships and 18 out of 265 sailors returned from Magellan's voyage,it proved that:

Within a century of the Europeans' arrival in Central America,the native population there declined by as much as:

According to Machiavelli,the ideal form of government was a(n) :

One important difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance that followed was the northern:

Ferdinand and Isabella's decision to sponsor Columbus's voyage was spurred by:

Michelangelo's David was created to celebrate Florentine civic ideals.

Marsilio Ficino taught that human beings are capable of attaining their own salvation:

The infusion of silver into the European economy was ultimately disastrous.

Machiavelli advocated for tyrants like Cesare Borgia to take control of Italy because:

Relatively few of the slaves who passed through the major Ottoman slave markets were Europeans.Most were African.