Refer to the Figure Below, Which Illustrates a Signal Transduction

Multiple Choice

Refer to the figure below, which illustrates a signal transduction pathway involving a G protein-coupled receptor and the two second messengers IP₃ and DAG. Lithium inhibits this pathway in two places.As a result, calcium ion levels within the cytoplasm stay low and there are lower levels of active phospholipase C.Based on this information and the figure shown, what are the two most likely places that lithium will block the pathway?

A) G protein activation and protein kinase C activation
B) Receptor activation and protein kinase C activation
C) Hormone binding and PIP₂ hydrolysis
D) G protein activation and IP₃ formation
E) Phospholipase C activation and protein kinase C activation