Professor Iconu Has Developed a New Test of Level of Spiritual

Multiple Choice

Professor Iconu has developed a new test of level of spiritual awareness for his course on religions of the world. Any such test must have several versions because some people take the test more than once. Unfortunately, it turns out that the same person often gets very different scores, depending on which version of the test is offered, even when taking the versions at nearly the same time. The test suffers from:

A) large bias.
B) confounding.
C) large sampling errors.
D) low reliability.