When Testing for a Difference Between the Means of a Treated

Essay

When testing for a difference between the means of a treated population and an untreated population,the computer display below is obtained.Explain what the P-Value of 0.0316 means in this context. $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { t-Test: Two Sample for Means } & & \\\hline 1 & & \text { Variable 1 } & \text { Variable 2 } \\\hline 2 & \text { Mean } & 171.6392 & 168.7718 \\\hline 3 & \text { Known Variance } & 47.51672 & 41.08293 \\\hline 4 & \text { Observations } & 50 & 50 \\\hline 5 & \text { Hypothesized Mean Difference } & 0 & \\\hline 6 & \text { t } & 2.154057 & \\\hline 7 & \text { P(T>=t) one-tail } & 0.0158 & \\\hline 8 & \text { TCritical one-tail } & 1.644853 & \\\hline 9 & \text { P(T>=t) two-tail } & 0.0316 & \\\hline 10 & \text { tCritical two-tail } & 1.959961 & \\\hline\end{array}$$