Three of the Following Procedures or Techniques Are Integral to Observational

Multiple Choice

Three of the following procedures or techniques are integral to observational research.Which one is NOT?

A) Pilot studies are used to test instruments and procedures.
B) Observers are carefully trained to follow specific criteria when recording the observation data.
C) Multiple observers may independently rate the same behavior.
D) Observation instruments are intentionally general so as not to constrain the observer.