The Name "The Babylonian Captivity" for the Avignon Papacy References

Multiple Choice

The name "The Babylonian Captivity" for the Avignon papacy references the:

A) exile of Christians from Roman citizenship in the first three centuries c.e.
B) exile of Christians from the Levant (ancient Babylonia) after Saladin's victory at the Horns of Hattin in 1187 c.e.
C) exile of Christians from Spain after the Muslim conquest in the 700 c.e.
D) exile of the Jews in Babylon during the sixth century b.c.e.
E) diaspora of the Jews after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 c.e.