Which of the Following Best Describes Vertical Linkages

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes vertical linkages?

A) They refer to the relationships between equals in an organization.
B) They tie supervisors and subordinates together.
C) They are often called committees, task forces, or teams.
D) They do not appear in organizational charts but can have a significant influence on how firms operate.
E) They refer to unofficial relationships, such as personal friendships, rivalries, and politics.