Why Can You NOT Claim a Cause-And-Effect Relationship with Correlational

Multiple Choice

Why can you NOT claim a cause-and-effect relationship with correlational studies?

A) Correlational studies are not empirical.
B) Behavior is too complex, variable, and reactive to allow for cause-and-effect determinations.
C) The correlation between two variables might arise due to the presence of a third variable, causing an effect in both variables of interest.
D) If two variables are correlated, then by definition one cannot cause the other.