Scenario I Scenario I Is Based on and Presents Fabricated Data Consistent

Multiple Choice

Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997) . Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8(6) , 454-458. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x
Tice and Baumeister (1997) studied the relationship between procrastination and symptoms of physical illness in college students during an academic semester. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring procrastination. From this, they were classified as either procrastinators or nonprocrastinators. All participants also were instructed to record the number of negative health symptoms that they experienced during the first (early) and last (late) month of the semester. Figure 1.1 shows the major results of the study.
Figure 1.1
-(Scenario I) Which statement is true?

A) Procrastinators reported more symptoms than nonprocrastinators at both time points.
B) The end of the semester was associated with more symptoms than the beginning for both procrastinators and nonprocrastinators.
C) Procrastination appears to negatively affect health as early as the first month of the semester.
D) The beginning of the semester was the most likely time that nonprocrastinators became ill.