DrPuffer Has Conducted a Correlational Study and Reported That Smoking

Multiple Choice

Dr.Puffer has conducted a correlational study and reported that smoking causes depression.He has failed to consider that both smoking and depression could be caused by some other variable,such as temperament or stress.This scenario reflects what problem within the correlation-causation fallacy?

A) Bidirectionality of variables
B) Third variable problem
C) Confirmation bias
D) Risky predictions