Question 1

What did Mendel's genetic model predict?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parents are equally important in the transfer of genetic information.
B)   The male contributes most of the dominant traits.
C)   The female contributes most of the dominant traits.
D)   Physical traits are expressed in a random proportion.
E)   Mental traits are expressed in a ratio of 9:3:3:1. A

Question 2

How does tRNA determine a protein's primary structure?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA reads mRNA's coded message of base pair sequences. If tRNA is a complement for the mRNA base pair sequence, then tRNA will bond at that particular spot. An amino acid that matches the codon (three-base set) of the mRNA is attached to the other end of the tRNA. In time a string of amino acids in a specific sequence is assembled and the primary structure of the protein determined.

Question 3

In a cell, the process of transcription

Accepted Answer

A)   transfers DNA information from the nucleus to the rest of the cell.
B)   uses RNA to carry genetic information.
C)   relays instructions to regulate the cell chemistry.
D)   all of these are correct.
E)   none of these are correct. D

Question 4

Which of the following can cause a mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)   a change in the RNA of the parent
B)   damage to the cell membrane of the parent
C)   an alternation of DNA in a parent's egg or sperm
D)   diseases such as cancer or hypertension
E)   infertility in older parents

Question 5

Transcription of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)   supplies information that runs cell chemistry.
B)   divides the cell through mitosis.
C)   determines the genetic code.
D)   destroys extra nucleotides.
E)   includes all of these.

Question 6

Compare the HIV virus that causes AIDS with a typical computer virus.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Which does not follow from Mendel's work?

Accepted Answer

A)   All organisms employ the same genetic code.
B)   Traits can be either dominant or recessive.
C)   Units of inheritance pass traits from parents to offspring.
D)   Both parents contribute equally to the traits of the offspring.
E)   Tallness is dominant over shortness in pea plants.

Question 8

Which could be an example of DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)   0 1 1 1 0 0
B)   C A T C A T
C)   T U T T A T
D)   a b c d e f
E)   + - - + + -

Question 9

What is the fundamental assumption of all classical genetics?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

What is the difference between DNA mapping and DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

How did the bioinformatics revolution accelerate work in the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

The "double helix" of DNA refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen bonding of the nucleotides.
B)   twisting of the ladder-like double strands of bases.
C)   hexagon shape of the carbon atoms.
D)   fact that DNA is at the core of all medical studies.
E)   unique chemistry of the RNA bases.

Question 13

What is the difference between DNA and tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   size
B)   shape
C)   location
D)   sugar
E)   all of these are correct

Question 14

Where does protein synthesis in a cell actually take place?

Accepted Answer

A)   tRNA
B)   mRNA
C)   nucleus
D)   ribosome
E)   codon

Question 15

A genetic disease can be expressed in the offspring when
 1) both parents had a recessive gene for that disease.
2) both parents had a dominant gene for that disease.
3) only one parent had a dominant gene for that disease.
4) only one parent had a recessive gene for that disease.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4
E)   1, 2, or 3

Question 16

Which genetic characteristics did Gregor Mendel omit from his studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   hairy toe knuckles
B)   pod texture
C)   flower color
D)   height
E)   hybrids

Question 17

Using the three basic rules of classical genetics, explain why more people curl their tongue than those who cannot.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

The genetic distribution 9:3:3:1 is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)   the second generation, one gene trait.
B)   the first generation, four gene traits.
C)   the third generation, four gene traits.
D)   the second generation, two gene traits.
E)   none of these.

Question 19

What are the four possible "rungs" on the DNA ladder? In other words, what are the only possible bonding pairs of DNA bases? Why can only these bonds occur?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Review the steps in the replication of DNA.

Accepted Answer

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Exam 23: Classical and Modern Genetics: Why Do Offspring Resemble Their Parents