Doug Was Frightened by a Rat Coming into His Bedroom

Multiple Choice

Doug was frightened by a rat coming into his bedroom when he was a child,and he now has a rat phobia.However,despite having been severely shocked by putting her finger in an electric outlet,Martha has no fear of sockets.This inconsistency is explained by the theory of

A) prepared learning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) irrational beliefs.
D) avoidance conditioning.