Which of the Following Represents Primary Succession

Multiple Choice

Which of the following represents primary succession?

A) The development of an aquatic community in a newly excavated farm pond, eventually followed by the filling in of the pond with sediment and its conversion to a forest
B) The development of a terrestrial community on lava produced by a volcanic eruption
C) The gradual establishment of a forest following a fire that destroyed the previous community
D) The invasion of weeds followed by shrubs and trees on an abandoned farm field
E) Both a and b