Some Birds Give a Species-Specific Vocalization Called an "Alarm Call

Multiple Choice

Some birds give a species-specific vocalization called an "alarm call" when they see a predator, although this call may direct the predator toward them. Other members of their species respond to these calls by taking cover. This would be an example of altruistic behavior that is beneficial to the calling bird if

A) the bird giving the vocalization survives the attack.
B) the inclusive fitness of the bird giving the vocalization is increased.
C) all birds survive the attack.
D) the birds benefiting are offspring of the bird giving the vocalization.
E) All of the above